Sciatica

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down through the buttocks and into the legs.
The most common cause of sciatica is compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve, often due to a herniated disc, bone spur, or spinal stenosis.
Symptoms include sharp or shooting pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower back, buttocks, legs, or feet, typically affecting one side of the body.
Risk factors include age-related degeneration of the spine, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and occupations that involve prolonged sitting or heavy lifting.
Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests like MRI or CT scan to identify the underlying cause of sciatic nerve compression.
Treatment aims to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and improve function.
Conservative treatments include rest, pain management medications, physical therapy, and hot or cold therapy.
Epidural steroid injections may be recommended for severe pain and inflammation that does not respond to conservative measures.
In some cases, traction or spinal decompression therapy may help alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve.
Surgery, such as discectomy or laminectomy, may be considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief or if there is severe nerve compression.
Rehabilitation exercises are essential to improve flexibility, strength, and posture, which can help prevent future episodes of sciatica.
Lifestyle modifications such as maintaining proper posture, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms are important for managing sciatica.
Regular follow-up with healthcare providers is crucial to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.
While sciatica can be debilitating, most individuals experience improvement with appropriate management and rehabilitation.
Rarely, complications such as chronic pain or neurological deficits may persist, requiring ongoing medical care and intervention.